Geographers ask where things are located on the surface of the Earth, why they are located where they are, how places differ from one another, and how people interact with the environment. There are two main branches of geography: Physical Geography and Human Geography. Further connecting these branches through advanced methodology are geoinformatics methods that draw on computer science, statistics, cartography, and spatial analysis.

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Geographers were, in fact, among the first scientists to sound the alarm that human-induced changes to the environment were beginning to threaten the balance of life itself. They are active in the study of global warming, desertification, deforestation, loss of biodiversity, groundwater pollution, and flooding.

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physical geography, which examines the physical, chemical and biological processes that occur in the immediate vicinity of the Earth's surface. Physical geographers study patterns of climates, land forms, vegetation, soils, and water. They forecast the weather, manage land and water resources, and analyse and plan for forests, rangelands, and wetlands. Many human and physical geographers have skills in cartography and geographic information systems.